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I am a business economist with interests in international trade worldwide through politics, money, banking and VOIP Communications. The author of RG Richardson City Guides has over 300 guides, including restaurants and finance.

eComTechnology Posts

US could ask tourists for five-year social media history before entry

US could ask tourists for five-year social media history before entry US could ask foreign tourists for five-year social media history befor...

US could ask tourists for five-year social media history before entry

US could ask tourists for five-year social media history before entry

US could ask foreign tourists for five-year social media history before entry

James FitzGerald
AFP Passengers with suitcases line up to have their ID checked by a TSA official in uniform and latex gloves at an electronic scan checkpoint at Newark airport in May.AFP
The Trump administration has tightened border control since returning to the White House (file photo)

Tourists from dozens of countries including the UK could be asked to provide a five-year social media history as a condition of entry to the United States, under a new proposal unveiled by American officials.

The new condition would affect people from dozens of countries who are eligible to visit the US for 90 days without a visa, as long as they have filled out an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) form.

Jasmine Crockett's late Senate bid announcement roils Texas Democrats

Jasmine Crockett's late Senate bid announcement roils Texas Democrats

Rep. Jasmine Crockett’s (D) last-minute decision to enter the Texas Senate race has turned the Democratic primary upside down and scrambled the political calculus for other members of her party in the Lone Star State.

The shift could be felt even before Crockett made her plans official: Hours earlier, former Rep. Colin Allred (D-Texas) dropped his Senate bid to instead run for a House seat, effectively clearing the way for a two-person race between Crockett and state Rep. James Talarico (D), another rising star within the party.


Federal reserve poised to cut rates as Donald Trump lines up new leader

Federal reserve poised to cut rates as Donald Trump lines up new leader

The Federal Reserve will make its final interest rate decision of 2025 on Wednesday, setting up a pivotal year for both the U.S. economy and the central bank as President Trump prepares to install a new leader.

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the panel of Fed officials responsible for monetary policy, is expected to slash rates Wednesday for the third consecutive meeting. 


Evicting Scout camp for 2028 Olympics >> Scuttlebutt Sailing News

Evicting Scout camp for 2028 Olympics >> Scuttlebutt Sailing News: Providing sailing news for sailors

Evicting Scout camp for 2028 Olympics

Published on December 5th, 2025

Sailing for the Los Angeles 2028 Olympics was expected to be held in Long Beach, as it had been for the 1984 Olympics, but politics moved some of the events to the Port of Los Angeles. Now they are stealing from the poor and giving to the rich:


A Scout camp and training facility that has operated for decades at Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro is being evicted at the end of this month, according to Greater Los Angeles Scouting, the umbrella organization for local troops and Cub Scout packs.

The Port of Los Angeles is terminating Scouting’s lease at the beachfront complex so that the site can be repurposed as a training center for national and international sailing teams in the 2028 Olympics, the Port said.

Tim Lebetsamer, who leads a Cub Scout pack in San Pedro, learned of the news on Wednesday night (Dec. 3) via email. “It came out of the blue,” he said.

EU hits Elon Musk's X with $140M fine for breaching Digital Services Act

EU hits Elon Musk's X with $140M fine for breaching Digital Services Act


by Julia Shapero · Business
The European Union (EU) hit billionaire Elon Musk’s social platform X with a $140 million fine Friday for violating the Digital Services Act (DSA), the first time a company has been sanctioned under the bloc’s tech law. The EU’s executive arm, the European Commission, accused X of deceiving users with its blue checkmark system and failing to create a transparent advertising repository and provide researchers…




China’s exports notch $1t record despite US tariffs

 

Cargo ships load and unload containers at Qingdao Port in China.

Costfoto/NurPhoto via Getty Images

One of the main targets of President Trump’s trade war had other toys to play with in timeout: China’s annual trade surplus surpassed $1 trillion for the first time this year as it ramped up exports of semiconductors and vehicles to pretty much everyone but the US, China’s customs agency announced yesterday.

The country hit the milestone last month, making its trade surplus for the first 11 months of the year nearly 10% higher than its 2024 total. In November:

  • China’s total exports climbed 5.9% from the same time last year despite a 29% plunge in US-bound shipments, the eighth straight month of double-digit declines.
  • Other trading partners more than made up for the loss of some money from the US. Chinese exports to the EU grew by 15%—the most they’ve grown in more than three years—and goods shipped to Africa and Southeast Asia climbed by 28% and 8.4%, respectively.

Multi-edged sword: China’s export boom is powered by its weak currency, which makes its products more affordable abroad but constrains Chinese consumers’ purchasing power. The country’s economic growth relies heavily on foreign demand, which it’s struggling to change. Meanwhile, threatened by China’s growing export dominance, France is considering imposing tariffs if China doesn’t narrow its French trade surplus.—ML

SMS Registration: Everything about TCR requirements | VoIP.ms

SMS Registration: Everything about TCR requirements | VoIP.ms

SMS Registration for Resellers: What You Need to Know About TCR Requirements

14 November 2025Tags: 

With so many tools to communicate these days, is it worth it to rely on SMS?  

We don’t even need to think about it: the answer is a resounding YES. 

Text messages are a great way to keep a clear and open line of communication with clients.   

But there’s a catch.   

You can’t just send tons of messages to people as a business and expect no repercussions, right? In fact, many mobile carriers are tightening the rules on SMS messages to prevent spam and scammers from reaching (and annoying) customers.   

To give you an idea of the scenario we’re dealing with: Americans reported over 90,000 spam messages only in the first quarter of 2025. That’s more than $163 million lost to scams and robotexts in three months!  

Meaning, unregistered SMS traffic is at risk of being blocked by carriers and affects not only business operations, but also your margins.    

Enter: The Campaign Registry (TCR) requirements. Below, you’ll learn everything you need to know to follow the registration process and be compliant.   

What Is TCR and Why It Matters  

If you want to send A2P (Application-to-Person) text messages in the U.S. using 10DLC (10-digit long code) numbers, you need to register your brand and campaign. So, keep in mind that TCR is not optional, but a prerequisite, especially if you’re managing client communications.   

Paramount makes a bid for WBD

 

Netflix and Paramount logos encroaching on a Warner Bros logo

Niv Bavarsky

Leave it to a merger between entertainment companies to have drama. Paramount Skydance launched an all-cash $108 billion hostile takeover bid for Warner Bros. Discovery yesterday, three days after Netflix announced a deal to buy WBD for $82.7 billion.

“We’re really here to finish what we started,” Paramount CEO David Ellison told CNBC, referencing the six bids his company made before Netflix’s offer was accepted, and making sure his words were as hostile as the takeover bid itself. Paramount is relying on more money for shareholders and what it sees as a more straightforward path to a green light from regulators to bolster its bid:

  • Paramount’s offer is $30 per share in cash, and could reportedly go higher. Netflix made its deal at $27.75 per share in cash and stock.
  • While Netflix only wants WBD’s streaming and studio businesses, Paramount wants it all.

The path to Hollywood runs through Washington

No matter which bid ultimately triumphs, a deal can only close if antitrust regulators sign off. The Netflix deal was already facing scrutiny, with President Trump saying Sunday that Netflix’s large market share “could be a problem.”

Paramount is perceived as more likely to get the nod. That’s partly because it lacks Netflix’s streaming dominance and partly because of who’s involved:

  • Some of Paramount’s funding comes from Affinity Partners, an investment firm started by Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner. Sovereign wealth funds of Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Qatar have also kicked in $24 billion, per Bloomberg—but they and Kushner would forgo any board voting rights, which could help push the deal through.
  • Meanwhile, Ellison is the son of Oracle CEO Larry Ellison, an ally of Trump.

Market reaction: Netflix shares dropped more than 3% yesterday, while Paramount shot up 9%.

But…Paramount’s perceived pandering may be having the opposite effect. Semafor reports some officials in DC have expressed frustration at the notion that the Justice Department would favor the Ellison family.—DL

Swiss Data Protection Group Says US Cloud Giants Can't Meet Privacy Standards

Swiss Data Protection Group Says US Cloud Giants Can't Meet Privacy Standards

Swiss Data Protection Group Says US Cloud Giants Can't Meet Privacy Standards
Lack of end-to-end encryption makes international cloud services unsuitable, privatim says.

Sourav Rudra
03 Dec 20252 min read0 comments




The cloud computing space is dominated by a handful of Big Tech players. Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud together control a large portion of the global cloud market.

These hyperscalers have built their empires on data. The more information flows through their systems, the more valuable their platforms become. This business model creates an exploitative relationship where people's privacy is traded for cheap prices.

Switzerland's data protection authorities have now drawn a line (in Deutsch). On November 18, privatim passed a resolution calling on Swiss government agencies to reconsider their use of international cloud services for handling sensitive data.

Outsourcing of Personal Data is Not Okay

Before you ask, privatim is the Conference of Swiss Data Protection Officers. It brings together data protection authorities from across Switzerland. Do keep in mind that the group's resolutions are not laws, but government agencies typically follow them.

The group's position is clear. Outsourcing sensitive or legally confidential personal data to international SaaS solutions (read: the cloud services providers) is unacceptable in most cases. This applies particularly to services from large providers like Microsoft 365.

They outline that public bodies have a special responsibility for citizen data. When they outsource data processing to third parties, data protection and information security must remain intact. The resolution argues that current cloud services fail to meet these standards.

privatim identified five critical problems with international cloud providers:
Most SaaS solutions lack true end-to-end encryption.
Global companies offer insufficient transparency for compliance verification.
Cloud services create significant loss of control over data.
Legal uncertainty exists for data under confidentiality obligations.
The US CLOUD Act allows data access regardless of storage location.

They concluded their resolution by calling for international SaaS solutions to be used only if government agencies encrypt the data themselves. The cloud provider must have no access to the encryption keys.

This requirement effectively rules out most current cloud services for government use.

Trump administration eyes expanding travel ban to 30+ nations

Trump administration eyes expanding travel ban to 30+ nations
by Rebecca Beitsch · Administration
Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said the Trump administration is planning to expand its travel ban to more than 30 countries in the wake of a deadly shooting against National Guardsmen. “I won’t be specific on the number, but it’s over 30, and the President is continuing to evaluate countries,” Noem said Thursday evening in…




Fewer international students are enrolling at U.S. colleges






Personal Finance

Fewer international students are enrolling at U.S. colleges, which could cost the country $1 billion, reports find
Published Sun, Nov 30 20257:35 AM EST

Jessica Dickler@jdickler
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Key Points
In the fall 2025 semester, new international student enrollment at U.S. institutions fell 17%, largely due to visa restrictions and government policies, according to a recent report.
There are steep economic consequences to having fewer students from abroad, other reports also show.


watch now
VIDEO09:38
Rep. Khanna on foreign student ban: International students contribute $44B to the American economy



After a battle over immigration policies and international student visas, fewer new international students chose to study on U.S. college campuses this fall, which comes at a significant economic cost.

In the fall 2025 semester, the tally of new international students studying in the U.S. sank 17%, according to a fall snapshot from the U.S. Department of State and the Institute of International Education released earlier this month.


Altogether, international students at U.S. colleges and universities contributed nearly $55 billion to the U.S. economy over the 2024-25 academic year, including tuition revenue as well as student spending, according to the IIE’s Open Doors report.

This year’s sharp enrollment decline — largely due to the Trump administration’s changes to the student visa policy — is projected to cost the economy $1.1 billion, according to a separate analysis from NAFSA: Association of International Educators.

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A separate analysis by Implan, an economic software and analysis company, found that when accounting for the direct loss of student spending as well as the ripple effects across the economy, the drop in enrollment amounts to a nearly $1 billion loss to gross domestic product.

“International students do far more than attend classes — they sustain local economies,” said Bjorn Markeson, an economist at Implan. “Their spending supports thousands of jobs, stimulates local businesses, and generates tax revenue that underpins community services.”

Before the Trump administration put a temporary pause on new visa applications in the spring, there were nearly 1.2 million international undergraduate and graduate students in the U.S., mostly from India and China, making up about 6% of the total U.S. higher education population, according to the Open Doors report.

A declining pipeline


The U.S. has been the top host of international students, but the enrollment pipeline was already under pressure. Fewer new students from abroad also enrolled for the fall 2024 semester, notching the first decline since 2020-2021, during the Covid pandemic, according to the Open Doors data.

More restrictive student visa policies in the U.S. and changing attitudes abroad about studying here were factors contributing to that decline, other research shows.

“A close read of enrollment figures from last year and this fall shows that the pipeline of global talent in the United States is in a precarious position,” Fanta Aw, NAFSA’s executive director and CEO, said in a statement.



“The ripple effects of these policy changes are being felt across campuses and communities around the world,” Aw said.
The impact on U.S. colleges


While the decline in international enrollment has broader economic effects, colleges and universities and the students they serve are the hardest hit.

In addition to the value of international student perspectives, foreign students typically pay full tuition, which makes international enrollment an important source of revenue for colleges and universities, according to Open Doors’ survey of more than 825 institutions.




With fewer new students and tuition dollars coming in, there are fewer resources for faculty, programs, and financial aid for U.S. students.

Those funds support colleges’ ability to provide financial assistance, Ted Mitchell, president of the American Council on Education, previously told CNBC.

“Full-paying international students pay scholarships for domestic students — it’s a 1-to-1 relationship,” Mitchell said.

Cloudflare outage hits major web services including X, LinkedIn and Zoom – business live

Cloudflare outage hits major web services including X, LinkedIn and Zoom – business live
by Graeme Wearden · Business


Cloudflare reports it is investigating issues with Cloudflare Dashboard and related APIs

Technical problems at internet infrastructure provider Cloudflare today have taken a host of websites offline this morning.

Cloudflare said shortly after 9am UK time that it “is investigating issues with Cloudflare Dashboard and related APIs [application programming interfaces – used when apps exchange data with each other].



The UCP Separatist Wing Takes Aim at Danielle Smith | The Tyee

The UCP Separatist Wing Takes Aim at Danielle Smith | The Tyee

The UCP Separatist Wing Takes Aim at Danielle Smith
The premier’s pipeline deal with Carney draws boos at the party’s AGM.

David Climenhaga TodayAlberta Politics

David J. Climenhaga is an award-winning journalist, author, post-secondary teacher, poet and trade union communicator. He blogs at AlbertaPolitics.ca. Follow him on X @djclimenhaga.Our journalism is supported by readers like you. Click here to support The Tyee.









Alberta Premier Danielle Smith urged AGM delegates not to ‘give up on our country just as the battle has turned in our favour and victory is in sight!’ Photo via Facebook.


The Frankenparty stitched together in 2017 by Jason Kenney from the Wildrose Party and the Progressive Conservatives has spawned a monster.

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Hardline Alberta separatists who were tolerated by Kenney and have for months been coddled by Premier Danielle Smith as a weapon against Justin Trudeau as of Saturday night control half, or nearly half, the United Conservative Party’s governing board. One vote was too close to call and was being recounted.

It’s been pretty clear to anyone paying attention that separatist trouble has been brewing in the UCP for a long time. But since the start of the party’s annual general meeting in Edmonton Friday night, it’s been obvious to almost everybody — despite the premier’s effort to keep the topic off the agenda.

That was when AGM delegates booed Danielle Smith, for heaven’s sake, for cutting a pipeline deal with Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney. And it was not just a few grumbles from the crowd, if you go by the clip that’s been circulating on social media, but sustained, prolonged and loud jeering. Smith’s weird nervous laughter when the boos finally subsided was cringeworthy.


On Saturday, during her speech to the AGM, Smith got both catcalls and standing ovations, but about the best that can mean from the party’s perspective is that its activists are roughly divided between committed hard-core separatists and other varieties of conservatives that may include covert separatists, the separation curious, vaccine conspiracy theorists, cryptocurrency bugs and full-MAGA Trumpophiles who would still like to hang on to a Canadian passport just in case.

At one point in the speech, Smith said: “My friends, let’s not throw in the towel and give up on our country just as the battle has turned in our favour and victory is in sight!” Loud boos immediately erupted. She exclaimed: “It is!” Mixed cheers and boos followed half-heartedly.

So while they may love the “grand bargain” struck by Smith and Carney at the Calgary Chamber of Commerce, that doesn’t mean they’re gonna love it at the Free Alberta Clubhouse in Gopher Butte.

And as the official favourite book of the UCP unequivocally states, “if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand.”

Or, to put that another way: Something’s gotta give.


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Kenney built the alliance with those people to engineer his double reverse hostile takeover of the Wildrose and Progressive Conservative parties, purging “Red Tories” as a first order of business. Smith has nurtured it ever since she took over as leader.

You’ve read about Take Back Alberta, the UCP faction that pushed out Kenney in May 2022 when he proved not to be extreme enough for their taste and replaced him with Smith. Well, the Alberta Prosperity Project crowd that wants a Petrorepublic of Alberta are essentially the same MAGA cadres, except the APP’s Jeffrey Rath is the new David Parker.



Has Separatism Gone Mainstream in Alberta?read more

But now that Smith has reached an entente cordiale with the federal Liberals to do what the oil industry wants — which, her COVID-skeptical views notwithstanding, has been her primary objective since her days as Wildrose leader — the monster she and Kenney created has become dangerous to her, just as it was to him.

And right when she’d hit upon a formula that just might work to overcome the popular anger that is bedevilling the UCP for corruption scandals, attempted pension hijacking, galloping health-care privatization, vaccine rationing and contempt for human rights with the use of the notwithstanding clause to prove it, the separatists have reared their heads again.

Well, you know what they say. “If you’re gonna lie down with dogs, you’re gonna get up with fleas.”

“That activist base is well organized and unafraid of toppling a party leader, as former premier Jason Kenney discovered in 2022,” observed political commentator Dave Cournoyer on his Substack Friday. “That is the big reason why they get more attention paid to them by Premier Danielle Smith than any other premier has paid to a party’s membership in recent memory.”

“The UCP governs with its enthusiastic activist base of supporters in mind and it has been clearly reflected in recent government policies restricting access to vaccinations, banning electronic voting tabulators, banning books in school libraries, banning transgender health services and blocking transgender athletes from competing in sports,” he explained.



The Ugly Underside of Alberta Separatismread more

Postmedia political columnist Don Braid appeared to be almost beside himself last night over where this was all going to end up. “Smith put her heart and possibly her future into the pro-Canada plan,” he fretted. “If it fails, God only knows what happens next in Alberta.”

Possibly the destruction of the country, one imagines he is thinking, or, even worse, the election of the NDP!

Braid called the premier’s unwillingness to confront the party’s separatists in her AGM speech wise. Well, that’s one interpretation.

It means the UCP will continue to flirt with separatism, and separatists, who have already proved they can remove the leader whenever they wish, will continue to use the UCP to achieve their goal.

If Smith won’t purge them, voters are going to have to — probably in the face of the most aggressive foreign interference in a democratic vote since the Brexit referendum on June 23, 2016.

U.S. moves to tame the skies as disruptive passenger incidents reach new highs

U.S. moves to tame the skies as disruptive passenger incidents reach new highs


U.S. moves to tame the skies as disruptive passenger incidents reach new highs
Published Sat, Nov 22 20252:12 AM EST
Kaela Ling@/in/jamiekaela-ling
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The U.S. Department of Transportation on Wednesday launched a nationwide campaign urging travelers to improve their behavior at airports and on flights, as disruptive incidents remain far above pre-pandemic levels.

The effort, called ”The Golden Age of Travel Starts with You,” aims to restore civility in the skies and address a surge in disruptive behavior. The department said the initiative is meant to “jumpstart a nationwide conversation around how we can all restore courtesy and class to air travel.”


Disruptive passenger incidents doubled in 2024 compared with 2019, while in-flight outbursts — ranging from inappropriate behavior to physical attacks — surged 400% by 2025.

The Department of Transportation said the campaign aimed to improve the travel experience while ensuring the safety of passengers, flight crew and airport staff.

In a video promoting the campaign, Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy urged travelers to consider their conduct, asking whether they help pregnant passengers or older adults with overhead luggage, or simply say “please” and “thank you.”

He also asked passengers to “dress with respect” ahead of the holiday travel season.


Of the 82 million Americans expected to travel over the Thanksgiving holiday, about 6 million are expected to commute by plane this year, or a 2% increase from 2024, according to a forecast by the American Automobile Association.


International tourism grew 5% in the first half of 2025 from a year ago, reaching almost 690 million passengers, the United Nations World Tourism Organization said. That figure is 4% above the comparable period in 2019.

The U.S. isn’t alone in pushing for better passenger behavior. The United Kingdom′s aviation industry introduced the “One Too Many” campaign in 2018 to curb alcohol-related incidents.

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency also launched an initiative in 2019 to raise awareness of unruly behavior, noting then that unruly passengers threaten flight safety every 3 hours, with 70% of incidents involving some form of aggression.

In 2015, China also began a blacklist of passengers who are disruptive on flights after a series of high-profile incidents.

Despite these measures, reports of unruly passenger incidents continue to climb. More than 53,000 incident reports were filed by over 60 operators worldwide, or one incident for every 395 flights in 2024, the International Air Transport Association said in June. That compares with one incident for every 405 flights a year earlier.

Quebec triples proof of funds requirement for study permits in 2026 | CIC News

Quebec triples proof of funds requirement for study permits in 2026 | CIC News

Quebec triples proof of funds requirement for study permits in 2026

author avatar
Asheesh Moosapeta

Quebec’s proof of funds requirements for study permit applications are set to more than triple for some students starting January 1, 2026.

These increases apply to both new international students applying for their first study permit and current international students who need to extend their study permit validity.

Single international students under the age of 18 hoping to study in the province will see the fund requirements for their basic needs increase to more than triple the current required amount.

Single international students above the age of 18 will see the fund requirements for their basic needs increase by more than $9,000.

Discover your options to study in Canada

All dollar amounts discussed in this article are in Canadian dollars (CAD).

Fund requirements increase based on the number of family members added to a study permit application (spouse, dependents, etc.).

The table below shows the current funds you are currently expected to have versus how much you will be required to have as of January 1, based on family size.

Number of people included in the application (including principal applicant) Until December 31, 2025 As of January 1, 2026 
One person under the age of 18 $7,756 $24,617 
One person aged 18 or over $15,508 $24,617 
Two people aged 18 or over $22,745 $34,814 
Two people aged 18 or over and one person under the age of 18 $25,479 $42,638 
Two people aged 18 or over and two people under the age of 18 $27,499 $49,234 

Of note is that the above funds are separate from tuition costs and transportation fees. An applicant must demonstrate their financial capacity to cover all of these expenses to be eligible for a study permit.

Due to Quebec’s special immigration agreement with Canada's federal government, the province can dictate its own financial requirements for temporary residents (workers and students) looking to move there.

With this impending increase, Quebec’s proof of fund requirement will exceed fund requirements for the rest of Canada, which are determined by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).

When do I need to show proof of funds?

International students who plan to study in Quebec must show proof of funds at both the provincial and federal stages of their study permit application (and again when renewing their study permit, if needed).

Students planning to study in Quebec must first apply to the province for a Quebec Acceptance Certificate (CAQ) before they apply for a study permit from the federal government. This process is repeated if a study permit holder needs to extend their permit.

When you apply for your CAQ, Quebec’s immigration ministry will require proof that you can pay your tuition fees and travel costs, plus a minimum amount for living expenses for yourself and any accompanying family members—before issuing a CAQ. This financial capacity requirement applies both for your first CAQ and when you renew your authorization to study in Quebec.

After receiving your CAQ, you apply to IRCC for a study permit. At that stage, IRCC also reviews your proof of financial support—both for first-time applications and study-permit extensions—where officers check that you still have enough money to support yourself while you study in Quebec.

Note that the same funds are assessed by both Quebec and IRCC. Applicants do not need to provide additional funds for IRCC assessment.

In practice, this means that a student that will attend a Quebec institution will normally need to demonstrate proof of funds:

  1. When applying for their first CAQ;
  2. When applying for their first study permit;
  3. When renewing their CAQ (if applicable); and
  4. When extending their federal study permit (if applicable).

How can I show proof of funds for my study permit application?

The Quebec government has outlined the documents that it will accept in support of a student’s financial capacity to meet the proof of funds requirement for a study permit.

Examples of acceptable proof of funds documents include:

  • Evidence that money has recently been transferred;
    • For instance, from abroad to a Quebec bank account, or documents showing other assets and sources of income.
  • A recent authorization to transfer funds;
    • Issued by the currency exchange control authority in their country of origin or residence.
    • Only accepted as proof by Quebec's immigration ministry if the country limits outflow of funds.
  • A recent official scholarship or bursary confirmation
    • Must clearly state how much money will be received each month and each year.
  • Recent pay slips showing current employment income;
  • A bank letter;
  • The most recent income tax notice of assessment, indicating annual income;
  • Bank statements for the last three months; and/or
    • Must show the name of the account holder and the current account balance.
  • An updated bank book.
    • With this should be included proof that the applicant is the owner of that bank book.